Theoretical Researches

By far, the most research in low-carb approaches has shown that low-carb diet, and specifically ketogenic approaches, induces rapid induction of weight loss.  Initial weight loss is due partly from water loss, but fat loss occurs with adherence to the low carb approach.  With all dietary intervention, as adherence to the diet wanes, weight loss effect becomes similar to other dietary approaches after one year. It is notable that most of the low-carb studies generally use an ad-libitum approach of caloric intake (limiting carbs instead), while most comparison diets are calorie-restricted.  In general, shared decision making is a valid and person-centered approach in determining nutritional approaches to weight loss. 

As mentioned above, the effect of low-carb diets on cardiovascular risk factors continue to be controversial. While a few studies have demonstrated an increase in LDL cholesterol with low-carb diets, others showed negligible changes. However, other metabolic markers, such as lowering triglycerides, increases in HDL, have been demonstrated with low-carb diets.